Chapter #34: IDENTIFICATIONS
Nuremburg Trials
A series of trial held by the Allies for member of the Third Reich
Cordell Hull
Secretary of States during FDR’s presidency and responsible for establishing United Nations and the Reciprocal Trade Agreement
Winston Churchill
Prime minister of Britain during WWII, met with FDR to establish the Atlantic Charter
Charles Lindbergh
First pilot to cross the Atlantic in a solo non-stop flight.
Good Neighbor Policy
Foreign policy of FDR to Latin America
Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act
Lowered tariffs in America in return for reciprocal lowered tariff rates in foreign nation
Rome-Berlin Axis
Pact made by Mussolini and Hitler to join Italy and Germany
Nye Committee
Committee headed by Gerald Nye to study the idea of munitions producers as the one who started the war to make profits
Neutrality Acts
Certain restriction would be enacted when the president acknowledges a foreign war
Russo-German Nonaggression Pact
Pact between Hitler and Stalin that stated they would not fight each other, Hitler breaks this
"cash and carry"
Concept of European nations buying ammunitions and firearms in America in cash and must carry load in their own ships.
America First Committee
Group of isolationists determined to avoid war at all cost
Lend-Lease Act
Stated that America would lend weapons out on the promise that it is returned after the war
Atlantic Charter
FDR and Churchill’s main eight points/plans for after the war
Chapter #34 Guided Reading Questions
The London Conference
Know: London Economic Conference
1. What were the results of Roosevelt's decision not to help stabilize currencies?
Because Roosevelt did not help stabilize currencies, the London Conference collapsed, and the economic crisis deepened. It also led to extreme global nationalism, and international cooperation was more difficult. It allowed the dictators to finally take charge.
Freedom for (from?) the Filipinos and Recognition for the Russians
Know: Tydings-McDuffie Act
2. What was the reason for America's decision to free the Philippines?
America wanted to free the Philippines because maintaining the islands were expensive, and American sugar producers wanted to get rid of the competition. They also promised the Philipines its independence earlier in history.
Becoming a Good Neighbor
Know: Good Neighbor Policy
3. Was the United States serious about the Good Neighbor policy? Explain.
The United State was serious about the Good Neighbor policy. At the Pan-American Conference, US declared nonintervention. They pulled out of Haiti the following year and released its control in the Panamas. In 1938, Mexican government took oil properties. Many wanted intervention, but FDR ignored it and reached a settlement instead.
Secretary Hull's Reciprocal Trade Agreements
Know: Cordell Hull, Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
4. Were reciprocal trade agreements a good idea? Explain.
The reciprocal trade agreements were a good idea. It reversed the traditional high-protective-tariff policy that has existed since the Civil War era. The agreements eventually lead America to international-free-trade-economy after WWII, a period of tremendous growth in foreign trade.
Storm-Cellar Isolationism
Know: Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Fascism
5. What were the reasons for American isolationism?
America wanted isolationism because they were afraid of being pulled in the world war like WWI. They did not realize the power that the dictators would soon be able to get.
Congress Legislates Neutrality
Know: Gerald Nye, Neutrality Acts
6. How did the Neutrality Acts attempt to keep the U.S. out of war?
The Neutrality Acts stated that when the president acknowledges a foreign war, no American could travel on a belligerent ship, sell ammunition or firearms to a belligerent, or make loans to the belligerent.
America Dooms Loyalist Spain
Know: Francisco Franco, Spanish Civil War
7. How did the Spanish Civil War contribute to WWII?
The Spanish Civil War was a miniature of WWII. Spanish rebels, headed by General Francisco Franco, and aided by Italy and Germany, fought against the republican government. Because of its Neutrality stance, US applied an arms embargo to both sides.
Appeasing Japan and Germany
Know: Quarantine Speech, Panay, Rhineland, Sudentenland, Munich Conference, Appeasement
8. What actions were taken by fascist governments that showed that they were a threat?
Japan invaded Manchuria in 1937, which started WWII around the world. They subjected American citizens in China with beatings and strippings. In Germany, Hitler disregarded the Treaty of Versailles and built up an army that invaded the Rhineland, Austria, Sudetenland, and Czechoslovakia. He also persecuted 6 million Jews.
Hitler's Belligerency and U.S. Neutrality
Know: Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, Cash and Carry
9. How did the United States respond to the start of WWII in Europe?
US passed the Neutrality Act of 1939 in response to the start of WWII, which stated that other nations were allowed to buy weapons and ammunition from US, but they had to pay in cash and carry it themselves in their own ships.
The Fall of France
Know: Phony War, Blitzkrieg, Winston Churchill
10. What further steps did the United States take after the fall of France?
After the fall of France, US called for the building of a two-ocean navy and $37 million dollars to build up a military In addition, Congress issued a peacetime draft. At the Havana Conference, America and 21 other American countries agreed to uphold the Monroe Doctrine.
Makers of America: Refugees from the Holocaust
Know: Anti-Semitism, Albert Einstein, American Jewish Committee, Father Coughlin, American Jewish Congress
11. Why did America not make more room for European Jews in the 1930's?
America did not make more room for refugees because they had national quotas that they could not overpass. US were warned that an influx of unemployed refugees would kindle anitalien bills and shut down immigration.
Bolstering Britain with the Destroyer Deal (1940)
Know: Battle of Britain, Royal Air Force, Fortress America, America First, Charles Lindbergh, Destroyer Deal
12. Describe the conflict between interventionists and isolationists in America in 1940.
Those in support of the war formed propaganda groups, the most famous was Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies. Isolationists in America were determined to avoid war at all cost, and organized the America First Committee.
FDR Shatters the Two-Term Tradition (1940)
Know: Wendell Wilke
13. Interpret the results of the 1940 election.
With the war imminent to dragging America in, voters wanted an experienced president like Roosevelt, who won the election 449 to 82.
Congress Passes the Landmark Lend-Lease Law
Know: Lend-Lease
14. What was so controversial about Lend-Lease?
Seemingly as an attempt to stay out of the war by sending weaponry and not soldiers, it was in actuality seen by most as an unofficial declaration of war by the US.
Hitler's Assault on the Soviet Union Spawns the Atlantic Charter
Know: Atlantic Charter
15. What was the reaction in America to the Nazi attack on the Soviet Union?
America extended the lend-lease act balance another million, and immediately offered Soviet Union help after the attack.
U.S. Destroyers and Hitler's U-Boats Clash
16. How did America's implementation of the Lend-Lease policy bring us closer to war?
The implementation of the Lend-Lease act caused many ships to increase their chances of being suck by German warships. Eventually, FDR assigned warships to accompany the merchant ships, and soon after, America pulled the plug from the Neutrality acts.
America's Transformation from Bystander to Belligerent
17. Was United States entry into WWII sudden or gradual? Explain.
US’s entry into WWII was gradual. It was a series of problems that rose that caused Americans to side with war. The attack on Pearl Harbor was simply the last straw for many who were in-between sides. Chapter #35: IDENTIFICATIONS
A. Philip Randolph
Black leader who threated to lead a march to Washington
George S. Patton
General in World War II, lead troops to Casa Blanca
Albert Einstein
Famous scientist, escaped the Holocaust by going to America, recruited for creating the atomic bomb
Office of Price Administration
created to control money prices, house rents and loans after WWII
Fair Employment Practice Commission
required companies to not discriminate workers
D-Day
Invasion of Normandy, France by Allies, largest amphibious assault in history
V-E Day
Victory day in Europe when Nazi Germany surrendered
Manhattan Project
codename for the creation of the atomic bombs
Braceros
Mexican immigrants who looked for employment
Chapter #35: Guided Reading Questions
The Allies Trade Space for Time
Know: Germany First
1. "America's task was far more complex and back-breaking [in World War II] than in World War I." Explain.
America had to hold back Japan, Italy, and Germany from having too much power. At the same time, they had to gear up for war and immobilize.
The Shock of War
Know: Axis Powers, Internment Camps, Korematsu v. U.S.
2. How did the war affect liberal ideals and goals at home?
Many because suspicious of the Japanese and most that were living in America were sent to internment camps. Without due process of law, the Supreme Court upheld the camps in Korematsu v. US case.
Building the War Machine
Know: War Production Board, War Labor Board
3. What effects did the war have on manufacturing, agriculture and labor?
Producion in America increased dramatically. Henry Kaiser’s crews were able to build a ship in just 14 days. The War Production Board took control of industy. They decided what what need for war and stopped what as unnecessary. New equipment and fertilizers allowed agriculture production to increase.
Manpower and Womanpower
Know: WAACS, WAVES, SPARS, GI, Braceros, Rosie the Riveter
5. What opportunities were opened to women as a result of the war?
Because all the men and boys left for war, factories needed workers. They built all kinds of machinery, from planes to tanks. They were allowed again to leave home and have an actual job. They were allowed to work alongside men ad gain respect.
Wartime Migrations
Know: A. Philip Randolph, Fair Employment Practices Commission, Double V, CORE, Code Talkers, Zoot Suit Riots
6. What effect did the war have on the nation's minorities?
Many discriminated against blacks. In response, FDR set up FEPC to ban discrimination in defense industries and watch over the ruling. However, many blacks were given menial jobs, such as cooks or truck drivers. Those who moved around cause discomfort in the whites, and some groups clashed.
Holding the Homefront
7. What economic effects resulted from American participation in the war?
America was still in depression when it went into WWII; however, they came out very successful. Production had augmented and inflation increased. Most payments of taxes were credit so as a result, the debt majorly enlarged.
The Rising Sun in the Pacific
Know: Douglas MacArthur, Bataan Death March
8. Describe Japanese victories in the Pacific in the months following Pearl Harbor.
Japan took many of the islands in the Pacific; Guam Wake Island, the Philipines, Hong Kong, British Malaya, Burma, the Dutch East Indies, and much of the smaller island off the coast of China.
Japan's High Tide at Midway
Know: Battle of the Coral Sea, Midway, Chester Nimitz
9. Why was Midway an important battle?
Midway was an important battle because it allowed America to surprise the opposite side. Midway sunk many Japanese aircraft carriers and establish naval power in the Pacific.
American Leapfrogging Toward Tokyo
Know: Guadalcanal, Island Hopping, Guam
10. What strategy did the United States use to defeat the Japanese?
General MacArthur got the American troops closer to Japan by island hopping, which was the process of taking over a series of little islands that as closer and closer to Japan. He had this concept done from two sides of Japan.
The Allied Halting of Hitler
Know: Wolf Packs, Enigma, Erwin Rommel, Bernard Montgomery, El Alamein, Battle of Stalingrad
11. "The war against Hitler looked much better at the end of 1942 than it had in the beginning." Explain.
1942 was the turning point in Europe. Before, the war was very slow. General Rommel had great success in Africa and the Russians were able to stop the Germans at Stalingrad.
A Second Front from North Africa to Rome
Know: Soft Underbelly of Europe, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Casablanca, Sicily
12. Describe the purpose and outcome of the Invasion of North Africa.
The invasion in North Africa was to push the Germans out. They wanted t eliminate warfronts in other areas to focus on defeating Germany.
D-Day: June 6, 1944
Know: Teheran, D-Day, Normandy, George Patton
13. Why could June 6, 1944 be considered THE turning point of the war?
The D-Day invasion was the biggest water assault in history. The Allies crossed the channels to overtake German bunkers. Because they were able to gain power in Normandy, other troops, like Patton’s were able to go deeper into France.
FDR: The Fourth-Termite of 1944
Know: Thomas Dewey, Henry Wallace, Harry S Truman
14. Why was the choice of a vice-presidential candidate important and difficult for the democrats in 1944?
The position of vice president was important because Roosevelt was aging and the vice president might have to step up in case of FDR’s death.
Roosevelt Defeats Dewey
Know: Fala
15. What factors led to Roosevelt's victory over Dewey?
FDR was able to win again because he was supported by many financial and political committees. Many voted for him again because he was doing so well in the war.
The Last Days of Hitler
Know: Battle of the Bulge, "Nuts," Elbe River, Holocaust, V-E Day
16. Describe the last six months of war in Europe.
The Allies were able force the Germans to retreat, with Allies’ troops chasing them. They made one last attempt at the Battle of the Bulge, but were still defeated by the Allies. Hitler killed himself in a bunker, Germany had surrendered.
Japan Dies Hard
Know: Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Kamikazes
17. Explain the meaning of the title of this section.
Japan continued to fight the Allies by themselves, and to stop them, America had all-out attacks on Japan. Many ships were destroyed, cities were bombed, and the island were taken one by one.
The Atomic Bombs
Know: Potsdam, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Hirohito
18. What was the military impact of the atomic bomb?
The two atomic bombs were enough to have Japan surrender to prevent more deaths. They killed 130000 people instantly.
Nuremburg Trials
A series of trial held by the Allies for member of the Third Reich
Cordell Hull
Secretary of States during FDR’s presidency and responsible for establishing United Nations and the Reciprocal Trade Agreement
Winston Churchill
Prime minister of Britain during WWII, met with FDR to establish the Atlantic Charter
Charles Lindbergh
First pilot to cross the Atlantic in a solo non-stop flight.
Good Neighbor Policy
Foreign policy of FDR to Latin America
Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act
Lowered tariffs in America in return for reciprocal lowered tariff rates in foreign nation
Rome-Berlin Axis
Pact made by Mussolini and Hitler to join Italy and Germany
Nye Committee
Committee headed by Gerald Nye to study the idea of munitions producers as the one who started the war to make profits
Neutrality Acts
Certain restriction would be enacted when the president acknowledges a foreign war
Russo-German Nonaggression Pact
Pact between Hitler and Stalin that stated they would not fight each other, Hitler breaks this
"cash and carry"
Concept of European nations buying ammunitions and firearms in America in cash and must carry load in their own ships.
America First Committee
Group of isolationists determined to avoid war at all cost
Lend-Lease Act
Stated that America would lend weapons out on the promise that it is returned after the war
Atlantic Charter
FDR and Churchill’s main eight points/plans for after the war
Chapter #34 Guided Reading Questions
The London Conference
Know: London Economic Conference
1. What were the results of Roosevelt's decision not to help stabilize currencies?
Because Roosevelt did not help stabilize currencies, the London Conference collapsed, and the economic crisis deepened. It also led to extreme global nationalism, and international cooperation was more difficult. It allowed the dictators to finally take charge.
Freedom for (from?) the Filipinos and Recognition for the Russians
Know: Tydings-McDuffie Act
2. What was the reason for America's decision to free the Philippines?
America wanted to free the Philippines because maintaining the islands were expensive, and American sugar producers wanted to get rid of the competition. They also promised the Philipines its independence earlier in history.
Becoming a Good Neighbor
Know: Good Neighbor Policy
3. Was the United States serious about the Good Neighbor policy? Explain.
The United State was serious about the Good Neighbor policy. At the Pan-American Conference, US declared nonintervention. They pulled out of Haiti the following year and released its control in the Panamas. In 1938, Mexican government took oil properties. Many wanted intervention, but FDR ignored it and reached a settlement instead.
Secretary Hull's Reciprocal Trade Agreements
Know: Cordell Hull, Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
4. Were reciprocal trade agreements a good idea? Explain.
The reciprocal trade agreements were a good idea. It reversed the traditional high-protective-tariff policy that has existed since the Civil War era. The agreements eventually lead America to international-free-trade-economy after WWII, a period of tremendous growth in foreign trade.
Storm-Cellar Isolationism
Know: Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Fascism
5. What were the reasons for American isolationism?
America wanted isolationism because they were afraid of being pulled in the world war like WWI. They did not realize the power that the dictators would soon be able to get.
Congress Legislates Neutrality
Know: Gerald Nye, Neutrality Acts
6. How did the Neutrality Acts attempt to keep the U.S. out of war?
The Neutrality Acts stated that when the president acknowledges a foreign war, no American could travel on a belligerent ship, sell ammunition or firearms to a belligerent, or make loans to the belligerent.
America Dooms Loyalist Spain
Know: Francisco Franco, Spanish Civil War
7. How did the Spanish Civil War contribute to WWII?
The Spanish Civil War was a miniature of WWII. Spanish rebels, headed by General Francisco Franco, and aided by Italy and Germany, fought against the republican government. Because of its Neutrality stance, US applied an arms embargo to both sides.
Appeasing Japan and Germany
Know: Quarantine Speech, Panay, Rhineland, Sudentenland, Munich Conference, Appeasement
8. What actions were taken by fascist governments that showed that they were a threat?
Japan invaded Manchuria in 1937, which started WWII around the world. They subjected American citizens in China with beatings and strippings. In Germany, Hitler disregarded the Treaty of Versailles and built up an army that invaded the Rhineland, Austria, Sudetenland, and Czechoslovakia. He also persecuted 6 million Jews.
Hitler's Belligerency and U.S. Neutrality
Know: Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, Cash and Carry
9. How did the United States respond to the start of WWII in Europe?
US passed the Neutrality Act of 1939 in response to the start of WWII, which stated that other nations were allowed to buy weapons and ammunition from US, but they had to pay in cash and carry it themselves in their own ships.
The Fall of France
Know: Phony War, Blitzkrieg, Winston Churchill
10. What further steps did the United States take after the fall of France?
After the fall of France, US called for the building of a two-ocean navy and $37 million dollars to build up a military In addition, Congress issued a peacetime draft. At the Havana Conference, America and 21 other American countries agreed to uphold the Monroe Doctrine.
Makers of America: Refugees from the Holocaust
Know: Anti-Semitism, Albert Einstein, American Jewish Committee, Father Coughlin, American Jewish Congress
11. Why did America not make more room for European Jews in the 1930's?
America did not make more room for refugees because they had national quotas that they could not overpass. US were warned that an influx of unemployed refugees would kindle anitalien bills and shut down immigration.
Bolstering Britain with the Destroyer Deal (1940)
Know: Battle of Britain, Royal Air Force, Fortress America, America First, Charles Lindbergh, Destroyer Deal
12. Describe the conflict between interventionists and isolationists in America in 1940.
Those in support of the war formed propaganda groups, the most famous was Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies. Isolationists in America were determined to avoid war at all cost, and organized the America First Committee.
FDR Shatters the Two-Term Tradition (1940)
Know: Wendell Wilke
13. Interpret the results of the 1940 election.
With the war imminent to dragging America in, voters wanted an experienced president like Roosevelt, who won the election 449 to 82.
Congress Passes the Landmark Lend-Lease Law
Know: Lend-Lease
14. What was so controversial about Lend-Lease?
Seemingly as an attempt to stay out of the war by sending weaponry and not soldiers, it was in actuality seen by most as an unofficial declaration of war by the US.
Hitler's Assault on the Soviet Union Spawns the Atlantic Charter
Know: Atlantic Charter
15. What was the reaction in America to the Nazi attack on the Soviet Union?
America extended the lend-lease act balance another million, and immediately offered Soviet Union help after the attack.
U.S. Destroyers and Hitler's U-Boats Clash
16. How did America's implementation of the Lend-Lease policy bring us closer to war?
The implementation of the Lend-Lease act caused many ships to increase their chances of being suck by German warships. Eventually, FDR assigned warships to accompany the merchant ships, and soon after, America pulled the plug from the Neutrality acts.
America's Transformation from Bystander to Belligerent
17. Was United States entry into WWII sudden or gradual? Explain.
US’s entry into WWII was gradual. It was a series of problems that rose that caused Americans to side with war. The attack on Pearl Harbor was simply the last straw for many who were in-between sides. Chapter #35: IDENTIFICATIONS
A. Philip Randolph
Black leader who threated to lead a march to Washington
George S. Patton
General in World War II, lead troops to Casa Blanca
Albert Einstein
Famous scientist, escaped the Holocaust by going to America, recruited for creating the atomic bomb
Office of Price Administration
created to control money prices, house rents and loans after WWII
Fair Employment Practice Commission
required companies to not discriminate workers
D-Day
Invasion of Normandy, France by Allies, largest amphibious assault in history
V-E Day
Victory day in Europe when Nazi Germany surrendered
Manhattan Project
codename for the creation of the atomic bombs
Braceros
Mexican immigrants who looked for employment
Chapter #35: Guided Reading Questions
The Allies Trade Space for Time
Know: Germany First
1. "America's task was far more complex and back-breaking [in World War II] than in World War I." Explain.
America had to hold back Japan, Italy, and Germany from having too much power. At the same time, they had to gear up for war and immobilize.
The Shock of War
Know: Axis Powers, Internment Camps, Korematsu v. U.S.
2. How did the war affect liberal ideals and goals at home?
Many because suspicious of the Japanese and most that were living in America were sent to internment camps. Without due process of law, the Supreme Court upheld the camps in Korematsu v. US case.
Building the War Machine
Know: War Production Board, War Labor Board
3. What effects did the war have on manufacturing, agriculture and labor?
Producion in America increased dramatically. Henry Kaiser’s crews were able to build a ship in just 14 days. The War Production Board took control of industy. They decided what what need for war and stopped what as unnecessary. New equipment and fertilizers allowed agriculture production to increase.
Manpower and Womanpower
Know: WAACS, WAVES, SPARS, GI, Braceros, Rosie the Riveter
5. What opportunities were opened to women as a result of the war?
Because all the men and boys left for war, factories needed workers. They built all kinds of machinery, from planes to tanks. They were allowed again to leave home and have an actual job. They were allowed to work alongside men ad gain respect.
Wartime Migrations
Know: A. Philip Randolph, Fair Employment Practices Commission, Double V, CORE, Code Talkers, Zoot Suit Riots
6. What effect did the war have on the nation's minorities?
Many discriminated against blacks. In response, FDR set up FEPC to ban discrimination in defense industries and watch over the ruling. However, many blacks were given menial jobs, such as cooks or truck drivers. Those who moved around cause discomfort in the whites, and some groups clashed.
Holding the Homefront
7. What economic effects resulted from American participation in the war?
America was still in depression when it went into WWII; however, they came out very successful. Production had augmented and inflation increased. Most payments of taxes were credit so as a result, the debt majorly enlarged.
The Rising Sun in the Pacific
Know: Douglas MacArthur, Bataan Death March
8. Describe Japanese victories in the Pacific in the months following Pearl Harbor.
Japan took many of the islands in the Pacific; Guam Wake Island, the Philipines, Hong Kong, British Malaya, Burma, the Dutch East Indies, and much of the smaller island off the coast of China.
Japan's High Tide at Midway
Know: Battle of the Coral Sea, Midway, Chester Nimitz
9. Why was Midway an important battle?
Midway was an important battle because it allowed America to surprise the opposite side. Midway sunk many Japanese aircraft carriers and establish naval power in the Pacific.
American Leapfrogging Toward Tokyo
Know: Guadalcanal, Island Hopping, Guam
10. What strategy did the United States use to defeat the Japanese?
General MacArthur got the American troops closer to Japan by island hopping, which was the process of taking over a series of little islands that as closer and closer to Japan. He had this concept done from two sides of Japan.
The Allied Halting of Hitler
Know: Wolf Packs, Enigma, Erwin Rommel, Bernard Montgomery, El Alamein, Battle of Stalingrad
11. "The war against Hitler looked much better at the end of 1942 than it had in the beginning." Explain.
1942 was the turning point in Europe. Before, the war was very slow. General Rommel had great success in Africa and the Russians were able to stop the Germans at Stalingrad.
A Second Front from North Africa to Rome
Know: Soft Underbelly of Europe, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Casablanca, Sicily
12. Describe the purpose and outcome of the Invasion of North Africa.
The invasion in North Africa was to push the Germans out. They wanted t eliminate warfronts in other areas to focus on defeating Germany.
D-Day: June 6, 1944
Know: Teheran, D-Day, Normandy, George Patton
13. Why could June 6, 1944 be considered THE turning point of the war?
The D-Day invasion was the biggest water assault in history. The Allies crossed the channels to overtake German bunkers. Because they were able to gain power in Normandy, other troops, like Patton’s were able to go deeper into France.
FDR: The Fourth-Termite of 1944
Know: Thomas Dewey, Henry Wallace, Harry S Truman
14. Why was the choice of a vice-presidential candidate important and difficult for the democrats in 1944?
The position of vice president was important because Roosevelt was aging and the vice president might have to step up in case of FDR’s death.
Roosevelt Defeats Dewey
Know: Fala
15. What factors led to Roosevelt's victory over Dewey?
FDR was able to win again because he was supported by many financial and political committees. Many voted for him again because he was doing so well in the war.
The Last Days of Hitler
Know: Battle of the Bulge, "Nuts," Elbe River, Holocaust, V-E Day
16. Describe the last six months of war in Europe.
The Allies were able force the Germans to retreat, with Allies’ troops chasing them. They made one last attempt at the Battle of the Bulge, but were still defeated by the Allies. Hitler killed himself in a bunker, Germany had surrendered.
Japan Dies Hard
Know: Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Kamikazes
17. Explain the meaning of the title of this section.
Japan continued to fight the Allies by themselves, and to stop them, America had all-out attacks on Japan. Many ships were destroyed, cities were bombed, and the island were taken one by one.
The Atomic Bombs
Know: Potsdam, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Hirohito
18. What was the military impact of the atomic bomb?
The two atomic bombs were enough to have Japan surrender to prevent more deaths. They killed 130000 people instantly.