Chapter #27: Identifications
Richard Olney
served as both United States Attorney General and Secretary of State under President Grover Cleveland. He used injunctions against striking workers in the Pullman strike and also raised the status of America in the world by elevating U.S. diplomatic posts to the status of embassy.
Alfred Thayer Mahan
wrote a book called The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, which said that the key to a nation's power is through naval power.
Valeriano Weyler
sent by Spain to end revolt in Cuba. He started prison camps where scores of insurrectos died from disease.
de Lome Letter
Spanish official Dupuy de Lôme wrote a letter which criticized Pres. McKinley. It was published by William Hearst, and made many citizens angry.
Emilio Aguinaldo
helped United States by leading a group of Filipino insurgents against Spain. He eventually turned against United States.
Jingoism
is extreme patriotism in the form of aggressive foreign policy. It is when a country uses threatens another country to preserve their ideas.
Teller Amendment
said the U.S. would give Cuba its freedom after defeating Spain.
Rough Riders
were headed by Col. Leonard Wood, and Roosevelt served as Lt. Col. Despite their name, they fought on foot due to poor planning.
Anti-Imperialist League
emerged to stop the annexation of Philippines.
Foraker Act
gave Puerto Rico a limited elected government.
Insular cases
decided by the Supreme Court that that America's laws and customs did not necessarily extend to the territories.
Platt Amendment
was an amendment made by government of Cuba which stated that Cuba was not to make any displeasing treaties, invest in too much debt, and give United States the right to intervene if necessary. They also had to give up a coaling station to US.
Spheres of Influence.
Is a division over which a state or organization has significant cultural, economic, military, or political influence.
Philippine Insurrection
was the revolt of the Filipinos against the United States when they did not receive their freedom.
Open Door Policy
Stated that all spheres of influence were to be dropped, and China would be open to trade with all countries. It was drafted by Secretary of State John Hays.
Boxer Rebellion
Was a movement by the Righteous Harmony Society opposing foreign imperialism and Christianity. Revolt was in response to growing foreign spheres of influence.
Big Stick Policy
Roosevelt’s foreign policy. He used it to threaten other countries by means of the military.
Roosevelt Corollary
is a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine by Roosevelt in his State of the Union Address in 1904. It states that the United States will intervene in conflicts between European Nations and Latin American countries to enforce claims of the European powers.
Portsmouth Conference
The Treaty of Portsmouth ended the Russo-Japanese war. Diplomats from both countries came to New Hampshire to come to terms.
Gentlemen’s Agreement
is an informal agreement between two or more parties.
Root-Takahira Agreement
was an agreement by United States and Japan. Japan acknowledged the US annexation of Philippines and Hawaii, and US acknowledge Japan’s foreign position in Northern China and cease limitations to Japanese immigration to California.
Chapter #27: Identifications
America Turns Outward
Know: Josiah Strong, Alfred Mahan, Richard Olney, British Guiana, Great Rapprochement
1. What factors caused America to turn its attention to the world beyond her borders?
Yellow journalism caused many to believe foreign lands as exotic, and many wanted to spread Christianity to other parts of the world. Also, US wanted to build up their power by improving naval forces.
Spurning the Hawaiian Pear
Know: Queen Liliuokalani
2. Why did President Cleveland not want to annex Hawaii?
Cleveland did not agree with the way that Hawaii would be annexed after having the whites throw over Queen Liliuokalani to better trade tides with United States.
Cubans Rise in Revolt
Know: General Weyler
3. What was happening in Cuba that caused Americans to be concerned?
The Cuban workers revolted against their Spanish rulers. America became interested because they wanted the European nation back in its own hemisphere, and Cuba was in the way of United States’ dream of building the Panama Canal.
Dewey's May Day Victory at Manila
Know: Teddy Roosevelt, George Dewey
4. Why did Commodore Dewey have such an easy victory over the Spanish fleet at the Philippines?
In comparison to United States’ ships, Spain’s were old and outdated. US’s cannons were able to out-shoot Spain’s.
The Confused Invasion of Cuba
Know: Rough Riders, Teddy Roosevelt, San Juan Hill
5. Describe the fighting in Cuba.
Fighting was very unprepared. Soldiers were given the wrong materials to combat the hot weather, and many died due to diseases. The US sent ships to Santiago, where blocked Spain’s ships and the army marched into the city.
America's Course (Curse?) of Empire
Know: Anti-Imperialist League
6. What were the arguments for and against the annexation of the Philippines?
For: America would establish foreign power in the eastern hemisphere, many felt it was their duty to civilize the Philippines
Against: other territories were still in Northern America, and Alaska and Hawaii was less populated than the Philippines.
Makers of America: The Puerto Ricans
7. How has U.S. citizenship caused Puerto Ricans to be different from other immigrants?
Perplexities in Puerto Rico and Cuba
Know: Insular Cases, General Leonard Wood, Walter Reed, Platt Amendment, Guantanamo
8. Describe American treatment of Cuba after the Spanish-American War.
United States, under the Foraker Act, gave Puerto Rico a limited elected government. Supreme Court also made a decision called the Insular Cases which stated that not all American rights applied to territories. Puerto Rico was also forced to make the Platt Amendment.
New Horizons in Two Hemispheres
9. What were the outcomes of the Spanish-American War?
America was regarded with more respect, American prestige rose sharply, and the chasm between North and South narrowed.
"Little Brown Brothers" in the Philippines
Know: William Howard Taft, Benevolent Assimilation
10. In what way do the Philippines show the good and bad sides of American imperialism?
Philippines wanted freedom, but America made it clear that they wanted to stay indefinitely. They built concentration camps and punished those who revolted. But they also spent millions to improve roads, sanitation, public health, and school systems.
Hinging the Open Door in China
Know: Boxer Rebellion
11. Was American involvement in China beneficial to China?
It was not beneficial. As a result of growing foreign influences, the Chinese revolted and killed foreigners who ruled their cities, and many Chinese Christians were murdered. Also, they were mined 33 million for the uprising.
Makers of America: The Filipinos
12. Were Filipino immigrants welcomed with open arms in America? Explain.
Imperialism or Bryanism in 1900?
13. What issues were important in the 1900 election?
Imperialism was an important issue. Bryans attacked imperialism, and McKinley critized Bryans saying that it would stop US from flourishing. McKinley won the election.
TR: Brandisher of the Big Stick
Know: Big Stick, Bully Pulpit
14. Give evidence to show that Teddy Roosevelt was an unconventional president?
He was the youngest president and brought back power to the President. His policy was to carry a “big stick”.
Building the Panama Canal
Know: Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, Philippe Bunau-Varilla, George Washington Goethals, William C. Gorgas
15. Why was the Panama route chosen for the canal?
It was brought into the light when French company was not able to create a canal there. Also, Bunau-Varilla was able to drop the prices of the canal significantly.
TR's Perversion of Monroe's Doctrine
Know: Roosevelt Corollary, Dominican Republic, Bad Neighbor
16. Explain the similarities and differences between the Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary?
Both discouraged European intervention, but the Roosevelt Corollary stated that it would intervene in Latin America and collect debts in Europe.
Roosevelt on the World Stage
Know: Russo-Japanese War, Portsmouth
17. How did Teddy Roosevelt win the Nobel Peace Prize?
Roosevelt helped end the war by holding the Portsmouth conference for Russia and Japan. He also mediated a dispute in North Africa at a conference in Spain.
Japanese Laborers in California
Know: Gentlemen’s Agreement, Great White Fleet
18. How did a school board in California act in a way that first hurt and then helped American-Japanese relations?
The segregation caused an uproar on both sides of the yellow peril. Roosevelt stepped in and said that the school board would repeal the segregation policy and Japan would halt the emigration of laborers to California.
Varying Viewpoints: Why did America Become a World Power?
19. What caused America's foray into imperialism? Defend your opinion.
Richard Olney
served as both United States Attorney General and Secretary of State under President Grover Cleveland. He used injunctions against striking workers in the Pullman strike and also raised the status of America in the world by elevating U.S. diplomatic posts to the status of embassy.
Alfred Thayer Mahan
wrote a book called The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, which said that the key to a nation's power is through naval power.
Valeriano Weyler
sent by Spain to end revolt in Cuba. He started prison camps where scores of insurrectos died from disease.
de Lome Letter
Spanish official Dupuy de Lôme wrote a letter which criticized Pres. McKinley. It was published by William Hearst, and made many citizens angry.
Emilio Aguinaldo
helped United States by leading a group of Filipino insurgents against Spain. He eventually turned against United States.
Jingoism
is extreme patriotism in the form of aggressive foreign policy. It is when a country uses threatens another country to preserve their ideas.
Teller Amendment
said the U.S. would give Cuba its freedom after defeating Spain.
Rough Riders
were headed by Col. Leonard Wood, and Roosevelt served as Lt. Col. Despite their name, they fought on foot due to poor planning.
Anti-Imperialist League
emerged to stop the annexation of Philippines.
Foraker Act
gave Puerto Rico a limited elected government.
Insular cases
decided by the Supreme Court that that America's laws and customs did not necessarily extend to the territories.
Platt Amendment
was an amendment made by government of Cuba which stated that Cuba was not to make any displeasing treaties, invest in too much debt, and give United States the right to intervene if necessary. They also had to give up a coaling station to US.
Spheres of Influence.
Is a division over which a state or organization has significant cultural, economic, military, or political influence.
Philippine Insurrection
was the revolt of the Filipinos against the United States when they did not receive their freedom.
Open Door Policy
Stated that all spheres of influence were to be dropped, and China would be open to trade with all countries. It was drafted by Secretary of State John Hays.
Boxer Rebellion
Was a movement by the Righteous Harmony Society opposing foreign imperialism and Christianity. Revolt was in response to growing foreign spheres of influence.
Big Stick Policy
Roosevelt’s foreign policy. He used it to threaten other countries by means of the military.
Roosevelt Corollary
is a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine by Roosevelt in his State of the Union Address in 1904. It states that the United States will intervene in conflicts between European Nations and Latin American countries to enforce claims of the European powers.
Portsmouth Conference
The Treaty of Portsmouth ended the Russo-Japanese war. Diplomats from both countries came to New Hampshire to come to terms.
Gentlemen’s Agreement
is an informal agreement between two or more parties.
Root-Takahira Agreement
was an agreement by United States and Japan. Japan acknowledged the US annexation of Philippines and Hawaii, and US acknowledge Japan’s foreign position in Northern China and cease limitations to Japanese immigration to California.
Chapter #27: Identifications
America Turns Outward
Know: Josiah Strong, Alfred Mahan, Richard Olney, British Guiana, Great Rapprochement
1. What factors caused America to turn its attention to the world beyond her borders?
Yellow journalism caused many to believe foreign lands as exotic, and many wanted to spread Christianity to other parts of the world. Also, US wanted to build up their power by improving naval forces.
Spurning the Hawaiian Pear
Know: Queen Liliuokalani
2. Why did President Cleveland not want to annex Hawaii?
Cleveland did not agree with the way that Hawaii would be annexed after having the whites throw over Queen Liliuokalani to better trade tides with United States.
Cubans Rise in Revolt
Know: General Weyler
3. What was happening in Cuba that caused Americans to be concerned?
The Cuban workers revolted against their Spanish rulers. America became interested because they wanted the European nation back in its own hemisphere, and Cuba was in the way of United States’ dream of building the Panama Canal.
Dewey's May Day Victory at Manila
Know: Teddy Roosevelt, George Dewey
4. Why did Commodore Dewey have such an easy victory over the Spanish fleet at the Philippines?
In comparison to United States’ ships, Spain’s were old and outdated. US’s cannons were able to out-shoot Spain’s.
The Confused Invasion of Cuba
Know: Rough Riders, Teddy Roosevelt, San Juan Hill
5. Describe the fighting in Cuba.
Fighting was very unprepared. Soldiers were given the wrong materials to combat the hot weather, and many died due to diseases. The US sent ships to Santiago, where blocked Spain’s ships and the army marched into the city.
America's Course (Curse?) of Empire
Know: Anti-Imperialist League
6. What were the arguments for and against the annexation of the Philippines?
For: America would establish foreign power in the eastern hemisphere, many felt it was their duty to civilize the Philippines
Against: other territories were still in Northern America, and Alaska and Hawaii was less populated than the Philippines.
Makers of America: The Puerto Ricans
7. How has U.S. citizenship caused Puerto Ricans to be different from other immigrants?
Perplexities in Puerto Rico and Cuba
Know: Insular Cases, General Leonard Wood, Walter Reed, Platt Amendment, Guantanamo
8. Describe American treatment of Cuba after the Spanish-American War.
United States, under the Foraker Act, gave Puerto Rico a limited elected government. Supreme Court also made a decision called the Insular Cases which stated that not all American rights applied to territories. Puerto Rico was also forced to make the Platt Amendment.
New Horizons in Two Hemispheres
9. What were the outcomes of the Spanish-American War?
America was regarded with more respect, American prestige rose sharply, and the chasm between North and South narrowed.
"Little Brown Brothers" in the Philippines
Know: William Howard Taft, Benevolent Assimilation
10. In what way do the Philippines show the good and bad sides of American imperialism?
Philippines wanted freedom, but America made it clear that they wanted to stay indefinitely. They built concentration camps and punished those who revolted. But they also spent millions to improve roads, sanitation, public health, and school systems.
Hinging the Open Door in China
Know: Boxer Rebellion
11. Was American involvement in China beneficial to China?
It was not beneficial. As a result of growing foreign influences, the Chinese revolted and killed foreigners who ruled their cities, and many Chinese Christians were murdered. Also, they were mined 33 million for the uprising.
Makers of America: The Filipinos
12. Were Filipino immigrants welcomed with open arms in America? Explain.
Imperialism or Bryanism in 1900?
13. What issues were important in the 1900 election?
Imperialism was an important issue. Bryans attacked imperialism, and McKinley critized Bryans saying that it would stop US from flourishing. McKinley won the election.
TR: Brandisher of the Big Stick
Know: Big Stick, Bully Pulpit
14. Give evidence to show that Teddy Roosevelt was an unconventional president?
He was the youngest president and brought back power to the President. His policy was to carry a “big stick”.
Building the Panama Canal
Know: Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, Philippe Bunau-Varilla, George Washington Goethals, William C. Gorgas
15. Why was the Panama route chosen for the canal?
It was brought into the light when French company was not able to create a canal there. Also, Bunau-Varilla was able to drop the prices of the canal significantly.
TR's Perversion of Monroe's Doctrine
Know: Roosevelt Corollary, Dominican Republic, Bad Neighbor
16. Explain the similarities and differences between the Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary?
Both discouraged European intervention, but the Roosevelt Corollary stated that it would intervene in Latin America and collect debts in Europe.
Roosevelt on the World Stage
Know: Russo-Japanese War, Portsmouth
17. How did Teddy Roosevelt win the Nobel Peace Prize?
Roosevelt helped end the war by holding the Portsmouth conference for Russia and Japan. He also mediated a dispute in North Africa at a conference in Spain.
Japanese Laborers in California
Know: Gentlemen’s Agreement, Great White Fleet
18. How did a school board in California act in a way that first hurt and then helped American-Japanese relations?
The segregation caused an uproar on both sides of the yellow peril. Roosevelt stepped in and said that the school board would repeal the segregation policy and Japan would halt the emigration of laborers to California.
Varying Viewpoints: Why did America Become a World Power?
19. What caused America's foray into imperialism? Defend your opinion.